得得啪在线视频观看|免费污苹果香蕉荔枝丝瓜IOS|欧美日韩中文字幕完整版|国产精品v欧美精品v日韩精品|久草热8精品视频在线观看|强上轮流草的合不拢腿|岳把我用嘴含进满足我视频

右心衰竭可由心血管系統任何結構或功能異常導致右心室充盈或射血功能受損所引起，是一種復雜的臨床綜合征。右心衰竭主要是右心室搏出功能障礙，見于肺心病、三尖瓣或肺動脈瓣的疾病，并常繼發于左心衰竭。

內容操作
視頻
教程課件
單詞卡片
In right sided heart failure the right ventricle cannot contract with enough force to push deoxygenated blood
右心衰竭時,右心室無法以足夠的力量收縮,
a volume called preload out of the heart through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs for oxygenation
將被稱為前負荷的脫氧血液泵出心臟,通過肺動脈進入肺部進行氧合·
The most common cause of right sided heart failure is left sided heart failure often the result of coronary artery disease
右心衰竭最常見的病因是左心衰竭,而左心衰竭通常由冠狀動脈疾病引起·
Increased after load or resistance in pulmonary arteries elevates pumping pressure and weakens the right ventricle over time
肺動脈后負荷增加或阻力增大,會使泵血壓力升高,并隨著時間推移削弱右心室功能·
Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disorders is called cor pulmonale
由肺部疾病引起的右心衰竭被稱為肺源性心臟病(肺心病)·
Pulmonary conditions that contribute to right sided heart failure are
可導致右心衰竭的肺部疾病包括
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、
cystic fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS
囊性纖維化和急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS)·
As the overworked right ventricle labors to get the blood into the normally low pressure pulmonary arterial system
當過度工作的右心室努力將血液泵入正常情況下低壓的肺動脈系統時,
its walls hypertrophy and pump ineffectively
其心室壁會發生肥厚,且泵血效率降低·
Ineffective pumping causes blood to remain in the right ventricle and atrium
泵血功能障礙會導致血液滯留于右心室和右心房,
increasing pressure inside the right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries
使右心腔及肺動脈內壓力升高,
forcing the right ventricle to work harder to overcome the resistance
迫使右心室更加努力地工作以克服阻力·
The heart muscle hypertrophies and pumps ineffectively
心肌發生肥厚且泵血無效,
resulting in the insufficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the heart and other vital tissues
導致心臟和其他重要組織無法獲得足夠的營養和氧氣·
Blood accumulating in the right ventricle and atrium congests the venous circulation
積聚在右心室和右心房的血液會造成靜脈系統淤血,
including the vena cavae jugular veins and portal circulation
包括腔靜脈、頸靜脈和門靜脈循環·
Built up blood and fluid in the liver's tissues leads to hepatomegaly
肝組織中血液和液體的淤積會導致肝腫大·
Reduced cardiac output deprives the kidneys of blood impairing filtration and their ability to remove excess sodium and water
心輸出量減少會使腎臟供血不足,損害其濾過功能及排出多余鈉和水分的能力·
Nocturia or excessive urination at night often reflects the renal impairment secondary to right sided heart failure
夜尿癥(夜間排尿過多)通常反映了右心衰竭繼發的腎臟損害·
Retained sodium and water increase the blood volume pumped by the overloaded heart
體內潴留的鈉和水分會增加超負荷心臟的泵血量,
raising vascular pressure and increasing resistance against which the heart must pump
升高血管壓力,并增加心臟泵血時需克服的阻力·
In response to venous congestion
作為對靜脈淤血的反應,
fluid collects in the skin and soft tissues
液體會積聚在皮膚和軟組織中,
causing a condition called peripheral edema
導致周圍性水腫;
and in the abdomen causing a condition known as ascites
積聚在腹腔則導致腹水·
Treatment for heart failure involves changes in lifestyle such as diet and exercise medication surgery or a combination of approaches
心力衰竭的治療包括生活方式的改變(如飲食和運動)、藥物治療、手術或多種方法聯合使用·
Commonly medications for right sided heart failure are geared toward improving left sided cardiac function
通常,右心衰竭的藥物治療旨在改善左心功能·
Medications commonly prescribed for heart failure include：
心力衰竭常用的處方藥物包括：
diuretics which reduce fluid volume and venous return by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption along the kidney's renal tubular system
利尿劑,通過抑制腎臟腎小管系統對鈉和水的重吸收來減少血容量和靜脈回心血量;
ACE inhibitors which block hormones in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
血管緊張素轉換酶抑制劑(ACEI),阻斷腎素 - 血管緊張素 - 醛固酮系統中的激素,
dilating vessels lowering blood volume and venous return decreasing the heart's workload and halting ventricular hypertrophy
擴張血管,降低血容量和靜脈回心血量,減輕心臟負荷并阻止心室肥厚;
digoxin a medication that increases the force of myocardial contractility by raising intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations
地高辛,通過提高細胞內鈉和鈣濃度來增強心肌收縮力
and beta blockers which compete with norepinephrine molecules for binding sites on cardiomyocytes preventing norepinephrine's effects resulting in reduced speed and strength of the contractions which can support more efficient circulation through the body
β 受體阻滯劑,與去甲腎上腺素分子競爭心肌細胞上的結合位點,對抗去甲腎上腺素的作用,從而降低心肌收縮的速度和強度,有助于支持更有效的全身循環·