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體液是水、酸、堿和溶解物質(zhì)（溶液質(zhì)）的混合體
細(xì)胞外液中的大多數(shù)溶質(zhì)是帶電粒子，稱為電解質(zhì)
鈉是最豐富的電解質(zhì)之一
為了維持正常的細(xì)胞功能和血容量
這些元素需要在一個(gè)稱為穩(wěn)態(tài)的狹窄范圍內(nèi)保持平衡
血漿中的鈉濃度稱為血清鈉
可以指示鈉和水的分布以及健康的血容量
正常的血清鈉維持在135到145每升毫當(dāng)量(mEq/L)
然而，血清鈉濃度低于 135 毫當(dāng)量每升被稱為低鈉血癥。
低鈉血癥最常見的類型是稀釋性低鈉血癥
它涉及相對于鈉濃度過多的細(xì)胞外水
例如，大量出汗會(huì)通過皮膚喪失水分、鈉和其他溶質(zhì)
作為反應(yīng)，會(huì)刺激口渴，水的攝入量有時(shí)會(huì)過多
進(jìn)入血液中的細(xì)胞外液的過量水分沒有鈉
從而稀釋了血液中的鈉水平，可能導(dǎo)致稀釋性低鈉血癥。
同樣，在慢性腎臟疾病中，腎臟失去了足夠過濾血液中適量的液體和廢物的能力
這種異常過程會(huì)稀釋血液中的鈉含量
并導(dǎo)致間質(zhì)間隙中的水潴留
為了恢復(fù)水和電解質(zhì)平衡，細(xì)胞外的水進(jìn)入細(xì)胞
細(xì)胞腫脹導(dǎo)致?lián)p傷并無法正常運(yùn)作
治療低鈉血癥的方法包括限制水分
使過量的水分通過滲透作用從細(xì)胞返回到細(xì)胞外液
給予高滲鹽水溶液
這是一種比正常細(xì)胞外液鈉濃度更高的液體
使血鈉恢復(fù)到正常水平
和抗利尿激素抑制劑藥物
幫助腎臟保留電解質(zhì)，同時(shí)增加尿液中的水分排泄

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The body's fluids are a mix of water acids bases and dissolved substances known as solutes
體液是水、酸、堿和溶解物質(zhì)(溶液質(zhì))的混合體
the majority of solutes in the extracellular fluid are electrically charged particles called electrolytes
細(xì)胞外液中的大多數(shù)溶質(zhì)是帶電粒子,稱為電解質(zhì)
sodium is one of the most abundant electrolytes
鈉是最豐富的電解質(zhì)之一
in order to sustain normal cellular functions and blood volume
為了維持正常的細(xì)胞功能和血容量
these elements are maintained within a narrow range in a process called homeostasis
這些元素需要在一個(gè)稱為穩(wěn)態(tài)的狹窄范圍內(nèi)保持平衡
the sodium concentration in blood plasma called serum sodium
血漿中的鈉濃度稱為血清鈉
indicates sodium and water distribution and healthy blood volume
可以指示鈉和水的分布以及健康的血容量
normal serum sodium is maintained at 135 to 145 milli equivalents per liter
正常的血清鈉維持在135到145每升毫當(dāng)量(mEq/L)
however a serum sodium measuring less than 135 milli equivalents per liter is known as hyponatremia
然而,血清鈉濃度低于 135 毫當(dāng)量每升被稱為低鈉血癥·
the most common type of hyponatremia is dilutional hyponatremia
低鈉血癥最常見的類型是稀釋性低鈉血癥
which involves excess extracellular water relative to sodium concentration
它涉及相對于鈉濃度過多的細(xì)胞外水
for instance profuse sweating causes the loss of water sodium and other solutes through the skin
例如,大量出汗會(huì)通過皮膚喪失水分、鈉和其他溶質(zhì)
in response thirst is stimulated and water intake increases sometimes in excessive amounts
作為反應(yīng),會(huì)刺激口渴,水的攝入量有時(shí)會(huì)過多
excess water entering the extracellular fluid in the bloodstream
進(jìn)入血液中的細(xì)胞外液的過量水分沒有鈉
without sodium dilutes the sodium levels in the blood and can lead to dilutional hyponatremia
從而稀釋了血液中的鈉水平,可能導(dǎo)致稀釋性低鈉血癥·
likewise in chronic kidney disease the kidneys lose the ability to adequately filter the appropriate amount of fluid
同樣,在慢性腎臟疾病中,腎臟失去了足夠過濾血液中適量的液體和廢物的能力
and waste products from the blood
this abnormal process dilutes blood's sodium levels
這種異常過程會(huì)稀釋血液中的鈉含量
and leads to water retention in the interstitial spaces
并導(dǎo)致間質(zhì)間隙中的水潴留
in an attempt to restore water and electrolyte balance extracellular water moves into cells
為了恢復(fù)水和電解質(zhì)平衡,細(xì)胞外的水進(jìn)入細(xì)胞
the cells swell resulting in damage and the inability to function normally
細(xì)胞腫脹導(dǎo)致?lián)p傷并無法正常運(yùn)作
treatments for hyponatremia include water restriction
治療低鈉血癥的方法包括限制水分
which allows the excess water to move via osmosis from the cell back into the extracellular fluid
使過量的水分通過滲透作用從細(xì)胞返回到細(xì)胞外液
administration of hypertonic saline solution
給予高滲鹽水溶液
a fluid with a higher sodium concentration than normal extracellular fluid
這是一種比正常細(xì)胞外液鈉濃度更高的液體
that returns blood sodium to normal levels
使血鈉恢復(fù)到正常水平
and antidiuretic hormone inhibitor medications
和抗利尿激素抑制劑藥物
that help the kidneys retain electrolytes while increasing water excretion in urine
幫助腎臟保留電解質(zhì),同時(shí)增加尿液中的水分排泄