得得啪在线视频观看|免费污苹果香蕉荔枝丝瓜IOS|欧美日韩中文字幕完整版|国产精品v欧美精品v日韩精品|久草热8精品视频在线观看|强上轮流草的合不拢腿|岳把我用嘴含进满足我视频

肩關節是一個高度活動的球窩關節，由三塊骨頭組成：
肱骨，或上臂，
鎖骨或鎖骨，
和肩胛骨或肩胛骨
肱骨頭是位于肱骨頂部的球狀結構
鎖骨位于胸骨和肩胛骨頂部之間
肩胛骨是一塊扁平的三角形骨頭，形成肩部的背部和頂部
關節盂或窩是肩胛骨最靠近手臂部分的淺凹陷
肱骨頭球適合這個插座
關節軟骨是覆蓋肱骨頭并襯于關節盂的組織
它允許關節平滑滑動
四塊肌肉從肩胛骨開始，向肩關節延伸
這些肌肉通過肌腱附著在肱骨上，
它們是連接肌肉和骨骼的堅固組織索
這些肌腱形成肩袖，
這是一個支撐肩關節骨骼并將肱骨頭固定在關節盂內的膠囊
肩袖賦予肩關節穩定性，
將球和球窩保持在正確的位置
肩袖還為肩關節提供了廣泛的運動范圍
有時，肩關節可能會因疾病或受傷而嚴重受損
例如，關節炎會侵蝕關節中的關節軟骨，導致疼痛和活動能力下降
肩袖受傷，例如撕裂，
還會引起疼痛并降低肩關節活動度
隨著時間的推移，肩袖受損的肩膀可能會出現袖帶撕裂關節病，
由于異常運動和撕裂導致的不穩定性，肩關節出現關節炎的情況
肩關節的嚴重疾病或損傷可能需要通過關節置換術來治療
標準肩關節置換術使用人造材料為肱骨頭創建一個新的球，并為肩胛骨創建一個新的插座
然而，當肩關節的疾病或損傷因肩袖嚴重衰弱或受傷而變得復雜時，
可能需要反向肩關節置換術
反向肩關節置換術可以讓手臂上的三角肌從薄弱和受傷的肩袖處接管肩關節的運動
在這次修復中，球和插座的位置顛倒了
接受腔植入物固定在肱骨頂部，也就是球頭或球頭所在的位置。
而且，球植入物附著在肩胛骨上，也就是插座曾經所在的地方
在反向全肩關節置換術中，手術將從肩關節切口開始
外科醫生會將肱骨頭與肩關節分離……并將其移除
肱骨將被挖空，為植入窩做準備
接下來，關節盂內部將被重塑，為放置球植入物做好準備
金屬底座將用螺釘固定在肩胛骨上
球將被擰到金屬底座上
接受腔植入物位于金屬柄上
它將被插入肱骨
最后，外科醫生將球植入物插入窩植入物中，將新關節組裝在一起
手術結束時，切口將縫合

內容操作
視頻
教程課件
單詞卡片
The shoulder joint is a highly mobile ball and socket joint made up of three bones
肩關節是一個高度活動的球窩關節,由三塊骨頭組成：
the humerus or upper arm
肱骨,或上臂,
the clavicle or collar bone
鎖骨或鎖骨,
and the scapula or shoulder blade
和肩胛骨或肩胛骨
The humeral head is the ball like structure at the top of the humerus
肱骨頭是位于肱骨頂部的球狀結構
The clavicle runs between the breastbone and the top of the scapula
鎖骨位于胸骨和肩胛骨頂部之間
The scapula is a flat triangle shaped bone that forms the back and top of the shoulder
肩胛骨是一塊扁平的三角形骨頭,形成肩部的背部和頂部
The glenoid cavity or socket is a shallow depression in the part of the scapula closest to the arm
關節盂或窩是肩胛骨最靠近手臂部分的淺凹陷
The ball of the humeral head fits into this socket
肱骨頭球適合這個插座
Articular cartilage is a tissue that covers the humeral head and lines the glenoid cavity
關節軟骨是覆蓋肱骨頭并襯于關節盂的組織
It allows the joint to glide smoothly
它允許關節平滑滑動
Four muscles start at the scapula and run toward the shoulder joint
四塊肌肉從肩胛骨開始,向肩關節延伸
These muscles are attached to the humerus with tendons
這些肌肉通過肌腱附著在肱骨上,
which are strong cords of tissue that connect muscles to bone
它們是連接肌肉和骨骼的堅固組織索
These tendons form the rotator cuff
這些肌腱形成肩袖,
which is a capsule that supports the bones of the shoulder joint and holds the humeral head within the glenoid cavity
這是一個支撐肩關節骨骼并將肱骨頭固定在關節盂內的膠囊
The rotator cuff gives the shoulder joint stability
肩袖賦予肩關節穩定性,
keeping the ball and socket in proper position
將球和球窩保持在正確的位置
The rotator cuff also gives the shoulder joint its wide range of motion
肩袖還為肩關節提供了廣泛的運動范圍
Sometimes the shoulder joint can become severely damaged from disease or injury
有時,肩關節可能會因疾病或受傷而嚴重受損
For example arthritis can erode the articular cartilage in the joint causing pain and less mobility
例如,關節炎會侵蝕關節中的關節軟骨,導致疼痛和活動能力下降
Injuries to the rotator cuff such as a tear
肩袖受傷,例如撕裂,
can also cause pain and decrease shoulder joint mobility
還會引起疼痛并降低肩關節活動度
Over time a shoulder with a damaged rotator cuff may develop cuff tear arthropathy
隨著時間的推移,肩袖受損的肩膀可能會出現袖帶撕裂關節病,
a condition where the shoulder joint develops arthritis due to abnormal motion and instability from the tear
由于異常運動和撕裂導致的不穩定性,肩關節出現關節炎的情況
Severe disease or injury of the shoulder joint may need to be treated with a joint replacement
肩關節的嚴重疾病或損傷可能需要通過關節置換術來治療
A standard shoulder replacement uses manufactured materials to create a new ball for the head of the humerus and a new socket for the scapula
標準肩關節置換術使用人造材料為肱骨頭創建一個新的球,并為肩胛骨創建一個新的插座
However when disease or injury of the shoulder joint is complicated by a severely weakened or injured rotator cuff
然而,當肩關節的疾病或損傷因肩袖嚴重衰弱或受傷而變得復雜時,
a reverse shoulder replacement may be necessary
可能需要反向肩關節置換術
A reverse shoulder replacement allows the deltoid muscle in the arm to take over movement of the shoulder joint from the weak and injured rotator cuff
反向肩關節置換術可以讓手臂上的三角肌從薄弱和受傷的肩袖處接管肩關節的運動
In this repair the position of the ball and the socket are reversed
在這次修復中,球和插座的位置顛倒了
The socket implant is attached to the top of the humerus where the ball or head used to be
接受腔植入物固定在肱骨頂部,也就是球頭或球頭所在的位置·
And the ball implant is attached to the scapula where the socket used to be
而且,球植入物附著在肩胛骨上,也就是插座曾經所在的地方
In a reverse total shoulder replacement the procedure will begin with an incision over the shoulder joint
在反向全肩關節置換術中,手術將從肩關節切口開始
The surgeon will separate the head of the humerus from the shoulder joint …and remove it
外科醫生會將肱骨頭與肩關節分離……并將其移除
The humerus will be hollowed out in preparation for placement of the socket implant
肱骨將被挖空,為植入窩做準備
Next the inside of the glenoid cavity will be reshaped to prepare it for placement of the ball implant
接下來,關節盂內部將被重塑,為放置球植入物做好準備
A metal base will be attached to the scapula with screws
金屬底座將用螺釘固定在肩胛骨上
The ball will be screwed onto the metal base
球將被擰到金屬底座上
The socket implant is on a metal stem
接受腔植入物位于金屬柄上
It will be inserted into the humerus
它將被插入肱骨
Finally the surgeon will put the new joint together by inserting the ball implant into the socket implant
最后,外科醫生將球植入物插入窩植入物中,將新關節組裝在一起
At the end of the procedure the incision will be closed with stitches
手術結束時,切口將縫合