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胃食管反流病（Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, GERD）是一種常見的消化系統疾病，特征為胃內容物（包括胃酸和胃內食物）異常反流至食管，導致食管黏膜受到胃酸的刺激和損傷。其發病機制主要涉及食管下括約肌功能障礙，如括約肌松弛過度、食管清除能力下降等。

胃食管反流病（GERD）的典型癥狀包括反酸、燒心、胸痛和喉嚨痛，部分患者可能伴有吞咽困難、聲音嘶啞、咳嗽等癥狀。長期未得到有效控制，可導致食管炎癥、食管潰瘍、Barrett食管，甚至發展為食管癌。胃食管反流病（GERD）不具有傳染性，其發病與個人的生理結構、生活習慣和遺傳因素等有關。

胃食管反流病（GERD）的治療目標是控制癥狀，預防并發癥。常用藥物包括質子泵抑制劑（PPIs）、H2受體拮抗劑，以減少胃酸分泌；同時，生活方式的調整也至關重要，如減肥、戒煙、避免過量飲酒、避免睡前進食等。對于多數患者，通過藥物治療和生活方式調整，癥狀可以得到良好控制。但對于Barrett食管患者，需要長期監測，以早期發現可能的食管腺癌。預防胃食管反流病（GERD）的關鍵在于生活方式的調整，包括維持健康體重、避免高脂肪和高酸性食物、避免餐后立即躺下、減少咖啡因和酒精的攝入等。

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Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition where the contents of your stomach reflux or leak back into your esophagus
胃食管反流是指胃內容物反流或漏回食道的情況
Acid in the stomach contents irritates your esophagus
胃內容物中的酸會刺激食道
This can cause a painful burning feeling in your chest called heartburn or acid indigestion
這可能會導致胸部出現灼痛感,稱為胃灼熱或酸性消化不良
If it happens more than twice a week for a few weeks
如果這種情況連續幾周每周發生兩次以上
you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD
您可能患有胃食管反流病或 GERD
Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle changes medications and surgical procedures
GERD 的治療選擇包括改變生活方式、藥物治療和外科手術
Making lifestyle changes can help you control GERD
改變生活方式可以幫助您控制胃食管反流病,
such as losing weight if you're overweight
比如如果你超重就減肥,
eating smaller meals
少食多餐,
avoiding certain foods and drinks such as coffee alcohol chocolate and fatty or greasy foods
避免某些食物和飲料,例如咖啡、酒精、巧克力和脂肪或油膩的食物
Staying upright for three hours after meals
飯后保持直立三個小時
Avoiding eating two to three hours before going to bed
睡前兩到三個小時避免進食
Wearing loose fitting clothes around your waist to avoid squeezing your stomach
穿腰部寬松的衣服,避免擠壓腹部,
which can push acid up into your esophagus
它會將胃酸推入食道,
and quitting smoking if you smoke
如果您吸煙,請戒煙
There are several types of medications that can help control your symptoms
有幾種類型的藥物可以幫助控制您的癥狀
Antacids help relieve heartburn by neutralizing the stomach acid that causes it
抗酸劑通過中和引起胃灼熱的胃酸來幫助緩解胃灼熱
H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors relieve symptoms by reducing the amount of acid produced in your stomach
H2 阻滯劑和質子泵抑制劑通過減少胃中產生的酸量來緩解癥狀
Proton pump inhibitors or PPIs
質子泵抑制劑或 PPI
also help heal damage to your esophagus caused by reflux
還有助于治愈反流引起的食道損傷
Prokinetics can help your stomach empty faster so that its contents don't back up into your esophagus
促動力可以幫助您的胃更快排空,這樣胃內容物就不會倒流到食道中
You may need a combination of these medicines to control your symptoms
您可能需要結合使用這些藥物來控制您的癥狀
If lifestyle changes and medication aren't working or if you have a hiatal hernia
如果生活方式的改變和藥物治療不起作用,或者您患有食管裂孔疝,
your healthcare provider may advise a surgical procedure called fundoplication
您的醫療保健提供者可能會建議進行稱為胃底折疊術的外科手術
A hiatal hernia is a condition where part of your stomach bulges up through your diaphragm
食管裂孔疝是一種胃的一部分通過膈肌隆起的病癥
During the procedure if you have a hiatal hernia
在手術過程中,如果您患有食管裂孔疝,
your surgeon will move your stomach back to its proper place
您的外科醫生會將您的胃移回正確的位置
Then your surgeon may tighten the opening in your diaphragm with stitches
然后,您的外科醫生可能會用縫線收緊隔膜上的開口
to prevent your stomach from bulging up through it
以防止你的胃通過它凸出
Next the upper part of your stomach will be wrapped around your lower esophagus
接下來,胃的上半部分將包裹住下食道
It will be held there with stitches
它將用縫線固定在那里
This helps prevent stomach contents from leaking back into your esophagus
這有助于防止胃內容物漏回食道
To find out more about treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease
要了解有關胃食管反流病治療的更多信息,
talk to your healthcare provider
與您的醫療保健提供者交談