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萊姆病，也稱為疏螺旋體病，是由一種名為伯氏疏螺旋體的微小細(xì)菌引起的感染
與蜘蛛有關(guān)的動物，稱為黑腿蜱，也稱為鹿蜱，可能會感染這種細(xì)菌
如果被受感染的蜱蟲叮咬，您可能會感染萊姆病
蜱蟲有四個生命階段：卵、六足幼蟲、八足若蟲和成蟲
為了生存和生長，蜱蟲必須在發(fā)育的每個階段吸食宿主動物的血液
如果宿主動物已經(jīng)感染了細(xì)菌，
當(dāng)蜱蟲吸食宿主動物的血液時，就會被感染
然后，您可能會從草地、灌木叢或樹木繁茂的區(qū)域，或從身上有受感染蜱蟲的動物身上感染受感染的蜱蟲
如果受感染的蜱蟲附著在您身上，它會將細(xì)菌轉(zhuǎn)移到您的體內(nèi)
當(dāng)細(xì)菌侵入您的皮膚并繁殖時，它們不會產(chǎn)生直接損害您的組織的毒素或化學(xué)物質(zhì)
相反，它們會產(chǎn)生吸引免疫細(xì)胞的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，從而嘗試清除感染
這種免疫反應(yīng)會導(dǎo)致皮膚細(xì)胞發(fā)炎和損傷
從那時起，萊姆病分為三個可以重疊的階段
早期局部疾病、早期播散性疾病和晚期疾病`
在早期局部階段，您可能會出現(xiàn)紅色皮疹，稱為游走性紅斑
通常在被蜱蟲叮咬后 7 至 14 天出現(xiàn)
在早期傳播階段，細(xì)菌開始進入您的血液
這種情況發(fā)生在被咬后幾天到幾周
細(xì)菌可以擴散到您的血液中，使您的器官組織發(fā)炎，包括您的大腦、神經(jīng)和心臟
如果不治療，疾病可能進展至晚期
在此階段，感染可能會擴散到全身
這種情況發(fā)生在被咬后數(shù)月或數(shù)年
此階段常見肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)癥狀
感染萊姆病的主要風(fēng)險是在室外、受感染蜱蟲居住的地方花費大量時間
飼養(yǎng)可能將受感染蜱蟲從這些地區(qū)帶回家的寵物也會增加您的風(fēng)險
早期萊姆病的常見癥狀是游走性紅斑皮疹
雖然它可能具有靶心形狀，但通常不是
其他癥狀可能包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、頭痛、疲倦、肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)疼痛以及淋巴結(jié)腫大
如果不治療，它可能會擴散到身體的其他部位并導(dǎo)致以下癥狀
頸部僵硬、嚴(yán)重頭痛、面癱（即一側(cè)或兩側(cè)臉部下垂或肌肉張力喪失），
心跳異常或加快、頭暈、呼吸短促、神經(jīng)痛、手腳疼痛、麻木或刺痛，以及記憶力或注意力問題
如果您患有萊姆病，您的醫(yī)生可能會開口服抗生素
對于嚴(yán)重癥狀，您可能需要通過靜脈注射或肌肉注射抗生素
盡早接受治療以獲得最佳康復(fù)機會非常重要
預(yù)防萊姆病的一種方法是避開蜱蟲居住的地方
如果你真的進入這些領(lǐng)域，
使用含有避蚊胺或派卡瑞丁等化學(xué)物質(zhì)的驅(qū)蟲劑，
穿長褲和長袖襯衫
用一種叫做氯菊酯的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來殺死昆蟲，處理你的衣服和裝備
走在步道中心，避開草地或灌木叢區(qū)域
從這些地區(qū)返回后，檢查您的衣服、裝備和寵物是否有蜱蟲
將衣服放入烘干機中高溫至少 10 分鐘，以殺死衣服上的蜱蟲
使用鏡子或請人幫助您檢查身體上是否有蜱蟲
腋下、耳朵內(nèi)和周圍、頭發(fā)內(nèi)和周圍、腰部周圍、肚臍內(nèi)和兩腿之間
從戶外回來??后兩小時內(nèi)洗澡
要了解有關(guān)萊姆病的更多信息，請咨詢您的醫(yī)療保健醫(yī)生

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Lyme disease also called Borreliosis is an infection caused by a tiny bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi
萊姆病,也稱為疏螺旋體病,是由一種名為伯氏疏螺旋體的微小細(xì)菌引起的感染
Animals related to spiders called black legged ticks also known as deer ticks can become infected with this bacterium
與蜘蛛有關(guān)的動物,稱為黑腿蜱,也稱為鹿蜱,可能會感染這種細(xì)菌
You can catch Lyme disease if you are bitten by an infected tick
如果被受感染的蜱蟲叮咬,您可能會感染萊姆病
Ticks have four life stages an egg a six legged larva an eight legged nymph and an adult
蜱蟲有四個生命階段：卵、六足幼蟲、八足若蟲和成蟲
To survive and grow a tick must eat the blood of a host animal at every stage of development
為了生存和生長,蜱蟲必須在發(fā)育的每個階段吸食宿主動物的血液
If the host animal is already infected with the bacteria
如果宿主動物已經(jīng)感染了細(xì)菌,
the tick can become infected when it feeds on the host animal's blood
當(dāng)蜱蟲吸食宿主動物的血液時,就會被感染
Then you may pick up the infected tick either from a grassy brushy or wooded area or from an animal that has an infected tick on it
然后,您可能會從草地、灌木叢或樹木繁茂的區(qū)域,或從身上有受感染蜱蟲的動物身上感染受感染的蜱蟲
If an infected tick attaches to you it can transfer the bacteria into your body
如果受感染的蜱蟲附著在您身上,它會將細(xì)菌轉(zhuǎn)移到您的體內(nèi)
As the bacteria invade and multiply in your skin they do not make toxins or chemicals that directly damage your tissue
當(dāng)細(xì)菌侵入您的皮膚并繁殖時,它們不會產(chǎn)生直接損害您的組織的毒素或化學(xué)物質(zhì)
Instead they make chemicals that attract your immune cells which try to clear the infection
相反,它們會產(chǎn)生吸引免疫細(xì)胞的化學(xué)物質(zhì),從而嘗試清除感染
This immune response can inflame and damage your skin cells
這種免疫反應(yīng)會導(dǎo)致皮膚細(xì)胞發(fā)炎和損傷
From there Lyme disease has three stages that can overlap
從那時起,萊姆病分為三個可以重疊的階段
Early localized disease early disseminated disease and late disease`
早期局部疾病、早期播散性疾病和晚期疾病`
During the early localized stage you may have a red rash called erythema migrans
在早期局部階段,您可能會出現(xiàn)紅色皮疹,稱為游走性紅斑
It usually appears around the tick bite 7 to 14 days after you are bitten
通常在被蜱蟲叮咬后 7 至 14 天出現(xiàn)
During the early disseminated stage the bacteria begin to enter your bloodstream
在早期傳播階段,細(xì)菌開始進入您的血液
This happens days to weeks after the bite
這種情況發(fā)生在被咬后幾天到幾周
The bacteria can spread throughout your bloodstream to inflame the tissue of your organs including your brain nerves and heart
細(xì)菌可以擴散到您的血液中,使您的器官組織發(fā)炎,包括您的大腦、神經(jīng)和心臟
If not treated the disease can progress to the late stage
如果不治療,疾病可能進展至晚期
During this stage the infection can spread throughout your body
在此階段,感染可能會擴散到全身
This happens months or years after the bite
這種情況發(fā)生在被咬后數(shù)月或數(shù)年
Muscle and joint symptoms are common in this stage
此階段常見肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)癥狀
The main risk for getting Lyme disease is spending a lot of time outside in places where infected ticks live
感染萊姆病的主要風(fēng)險是在室外、受感染蜱蟲居住的地方花費大量時間
Having a pet that may carry infected ticks home from these areas can also increase your risk
飼養(yǎng)可能將受感染蜱蟲從這些地區(qū)帶回家的寵物也會增加您的風(fēng)險
A common symptom of early Lyme disease is the erythema migrans rash
早期萊姆病的常見癥狀是游走性紅斑皮疹
While it may have a bullseye shape it often doesn't
雖然它可能具有靶心形狀,但通常不是
Other symptoms may include fever chills headache feeling tired achy muscles and joints and swollen lymph nodes
其他癥狀可能包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、頭痛、疲倦、肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)疼痛以及淋巴結(jié)腫大
If not treated it may spread to other parts of your body and cause the following symptoms
如果不治療,它可能會擴散到身體的其他部位并導(dǎo)致以下癥狀
A stiff neck severe headaches facial palsy which is drooping or loss of muscle tone on one or both sides of your face
頸部僵硬、嚴(yán)重頭痛、面癱(即一側(cè)或兩側(cè)臉部下垂或肌肉張力喪失),
an abnormal or fast heartbeat feeling dizzy shortness of breath nerve pain pain numbness or tingling in the hands or feet and problems with memory or concentration
心跳異常或加快、頭暈、呼吸短促、神經(jīng)痛、手腳疼痛、麻木或刺痛,以及記憶力或注意力問題
If you have Lyme disease your healthcare practitioner may prescribe oral antibiotics
如果您患有萊姆病,您的醫(yī)生可能會開口服抗生素
For severe symptoms you may need an injection of antibiotics through an IV or in a muscle
對于嚴(yán)重癥狀,您可能需要通過靜脈注射或肌肉注射抗生素
It's important to be treated as early as possible for the best chance of recovery
盡早接受治療以獲得最佳康復(fù)機會非常重要
One way to prevent Lyme disease is to avoid the places where ticks live
預(yù)防萊姆病的一種方法是避開蜱蟲居住的地方
If you do go into these areas
如果你真的進入這些領(lǐng)域,
use an insect repellent that contains chemicals such DEET or Picaridin
使用含有避蚊胺或派卡瑞丁等化學(xué)物質(zhì)的驅(qū)蟲劑,
wear long pants and a long sleeved shirt
穿長褲和長袖襯衫
Treat your clothes and gear with a chemical that kills insects called permethrin
用一種叫做氯菊酯的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來殺死昆蟲,處理你的衣服和裝備
And walk in the center of trail paths to avoid grassy or brushy areas
走在步道中心,避開草地或灌木叢區(qū)域
After returning from these areas inspect your clothes gear and pets for ticks
從這些地區(qū)返回后,檢查您的衣服、裝備和寵物是否有蜱蟲
Put your clothes in a dryer on high heat for at least 10 minutes to kill any ticks on them
將衣服放入烘干機中高溫至少 10 分鐘,以殺死衣服上的蜱蟲
Use a mirror or have someone help you check for ticks on your body
使用鏡子或請人幫助您檢查身體上是否有蜱蟲
Under your arms in and around your ears in and around your hair around your waist in your belly button and between your legs
腋下、耳朵內(nèi)和周圍、頭發(fā)內(nèi)和周圍、腰部周圍、肚臍內(nèi)和兩腿之間
And take a shower within two hours after returning from outdoors
從戶外回來??后兩小時內(nèi)洗澡
To find out more about Lyme disease talk to your healthcare practitioner
要了解有關(guān)萊姆病的更多信息,請咨詢您的醫(yī)療保健醫(yī)生